Modeling the effects of ecosystem changes on seagrass wrack valorization: Merging system dynamics with life cycle assessment

Seagrass meadows, while recognized as essential ecosystem service providers, are degrading worldwide. This has a profound impact on the environment but also socioeconomic systems which hope to utilize beach-cast seagrass (wrack) bioresource. study integrates system dynamics (SD) thinking with life cycle assessment (LCA) and costing (LCC) understand how degraded feedbacks into circular bioeconomy. An SD model was created assess impacts of meadow changes wrack production services accounting, considering an Italian case deposited beach. Environmental economic valorization through anaerobic digestion (AD) were then determined LCA LCC. Finally, extended LCC combined results model, LCA, demonstrate cost degradation value restoration. The confirmed complexities in stakeholder perspective within waste-to-resource framework. For AD operator, restoration would increase profits from (23.10 €/ton), for municipality, reduce high costs associated management (104.29–140.00 €/ton). When local community, valuation influential. Meadow most favorable option if natural capital meadows valued appropriately (>0.065 €/m2) direct could be kept relatively low (<1179 €/ha). Overall, resulted total net present −3.161,462.40 € baseline scenario, −1,488,277.28 scenario valorization, −1,231,325.12